indians and reality of the civil war

Many Native Americans served in the Union and confederate military during the Civil War. The Delaware tribe had a long history of allegiance to the U.S. government, despite removal to the Wichita Indian Agency in Oklahoma and the Indian Territory in Kansas.

On October 1, 1861 the Delaware people proclaimed their alliance to the Union. During the war 170 out of 201 Delaware men volunteered in the Union Army. A journalist from Harper's Weekly described them as being armed with tomahawks, scalping knives, and rifles.

In January 1862, William Dole, U.S. Commissioner of Indian Affairs, asked Native American agents to "engage forthwith all the vigorous and able-bodied Native Americans in their respective agencies." The request resulted in the assembly of the 1st and 2nd Indian Home Guard.
 Many Native American tribes fought in the war including: the Delware, Creek, Cherokee, Seminole, Kickapoo, Seneca, Osage, Shawnee, Choctaw, Lumbee, Chickasaw, Iroquois, Powhatan, Pequot, Ojibwa, Huron, Odawa, Potawatomi, Catawba, and Pamunkey. The Cherokee, Choctaw, Seminole, Catawba, and Creek tribes were the only tribes to fight on the Confederate side. Like other American communities, some tribes had members fighting on either side of the war. The majority of the Creek sided with the Union as two-thirds of the people preferred to be guided by the advice of their chief Opothle Yahola. Ex-Chief McIntosh was bought by the South, whose leaders appointed him a colonel in the Confederate Army. During November 1861, the Creek, Black Creek Indians, and White Creek Indians of their tribe were led by Creek Chief Opothle Yahola, fought three pitched battles against Confederate whites and other Native Americans that joined the Confederates to reach Union lines in Kansas, and offer their services.

Some Civil War battles occurred in Indian Territory. The first battle occurred July 1–2, 1863 which involved the 1st Kansas Colored Infantry. The first battle against the Confederacy outside of Indian Territory occurred at Horse Head Creek, Arkansas, on February 17, 1864, and involved the 79th U.S. Colored Infantry.





Native Americans swearing in for the American Civil War.The Delaware demonstrated their "loyalty", daring and hardihood" during the attack of the Wichita Agency in October 1862. Considered a major Union victory, Native American cavalrymen killed five Confederate agents, took the Rebel flag and $1200 in Confederate currency, 100 ponies, and burned correspondence along with the Agency buildings.

The Cherokee Nation had an internal civil war.The Nation divided, with one side led by Principal Chief John Ross and the other by renegade Stand Watie. Chief John Ross wanted to remain neutral throughout the war, but Confederate victories at First Manassas and Wilson's Creek forced the Cherokee to reassess their position. All other Native American tribes bordering the Cherokee were on the Confederate side, which added to the pressure of possible occupation by the Confederate forces.

Stand Watie, along with a few Cherokee, sided with the Confederate Army, in which he was made Colonel and commanded a battalion of Cherokee. Reluctantly, on October 7, 1861, Chief Ross signed a treaty transferring all obligations due to the Cherokee from the U.S. Government to the Confederate States.In the treaty, the Cherokee were guaranteed protection, rations of food, livestock, tools and other goods, as well as a delegate to the Confederate Congress at Richmond.In exchange, the Cherokee would furnish ten companies of mounted men, and allow the construction of military posts and roads within the Cherokee Nation. However, no Indian regiment was to be called on to fight outside Indian Territory.As a result of the Treaty, the 2nd Cherokee Mounted Rifles, led by Col. John Drew, was formed. Following the Battle of Pea Ridge, Arkansas, March 7–8, 1862, Drew's Mounted Rifles defected to the Union forces in Kansas, where they joined the Indian Home Guard. In the summer of 1862, Federal troops captured Chief Ross, who was paroled and spent the remainder of the war in Washington and Philadelphia proclaiming Cherokee loyalty to the Union army.[

BLOOD ON THE ARROW

Prisoner of a U. S. Cavalry patrol, outlaw Wade Cooper (Dale Robertson) is the only survivor of an Apache attack. Nancy Mailer (Martha Hyer) rescues Wade and brings him to her husband Clint's (Wendell Corey) trading post, where she nurses the outlaw back to health over the objections of her husband, a cowardly miser.




The Apaches raid the post, kidnaping the Mailers' son and demanding rifles in exchange for his release. Clint Mailer obtains the aid of an outlaw band to steal the rifles from an Army post, but they are caught by soldiers and killed. Wade rescues the boy by leading the Indians into a booby trap in Clint's gold mine, and he and Nancy, who have fallen in love, start a new life together.



[edit] CastDale Robertson as Wade Cooper

Martha Hyer as Nancy Mailer

Wendell Corey as Clint Mailer

Dandy Curran as Tim Mailer

Paul Mantee as Segura

Robert Carricart as Kai-La

Ted de Corsia as Jud

Elisha Cook Jr as Tex

John Matthews as Mike

Tom Reese as Charlie

Boyce Wright as Capt. Stanhope

Michael Hammond as Lieutenant

Leland Wainscott as Sentry
geronimo by romeo models

wayne as cap't kirby in fort apache

Buffalo Bill and the Indians and timpo

The show itself consisted of a series of "historical" scenes interspersed with feats of showmanship, sharp shooting, racing, or rodeo style events. Native Americans figured prominently in many of the scenes, often shown attacking whites in historical situations with Buffalo Bill or one of his colleagues riding in and saving the day.

 

The exact scenes changed over time, but were either portrayed as a "typical event" such as early settlers defending a homestead, a wagon train crossing the plains, or a more specific event such as the Battle of the Little Big Horn. Of course, to recreate the battles and scenes exactly would be impossible, but Buffalo Bill used his poetic license often to glorify himself . He was, however, very concerned with recreating the West that he loved as accurately as his life experiences saw it, and tried to maintain at least accurate detail in his Wild West shows..




Historically, this Exhibition became popular as Native Americans ceased to be a threat. The Ghost Dances and the Massacre at Wounded Knee in 1890 showed not only that Native Americans had very little fight left, but Buffalo Bill used his small role in these engagements to further his own glory. He was able to bring the danger of the West, in the form of the Native Americans, the rough riders, and the display of skills used for survival back to the east in a carnivalesque setting, thus mythologizing the dangers and the freedoms that symbolized the frontier of civilization.






This was palatable to eastern audiences and the royalty of Europe because he was able to disguise the carnivalesque under the rhetoric of historical and scientific accuracy. Similarly, the figure of Buffalo Bill as someone who could walk the worlds of frontiersman and gentleman because he was able to control the frontier, miniaturize it, and reduce it to an event to be viewed, sentimentalizing the grotesqueness of the West.



atlantic's plastic bill